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- Subject: Re: hydraulic problems with DC-10's??
- Robert Dorsett Says:
- > Normally, given asymmetric thrust, you bank into the good engine(s): rudder's
- > normally used to augment the ailerons as necessary to control sideslip.
-
- Actually, you have this backwards. Rudder is used to control the yaw,
- and by controlling the yaw you introduce some sideslip that should be
- counteracted by banking into the good engine (raise the dead is the way
- I was tought to remember that :^)
-
- The way this works is as follows....we will have to make due with ASCII
- graphics:
-
- Normal Flight (Multi-Engine, Both turning)
- Left thrust Right thrust
- | |
- | A |
- ------X--A--X------
- A
- A
- --A--
- |
- |
- |
- |
- Drag
-
- Engine Out Flight (no correction)
- left thrust
- |
- | A
- ------X--A--X------
- A CW Moment
- A |_
- --A--
- |
- |
- |
- |
- Drag
-
- Engine Out Flight (Yaw (moment) correction)
- left thrust
- |
- | A
- ------X--A--X------
- A
- A
- --A--===>Rudder Force to counteract rotation
- |
- | Now you can see we have fixed the
- | Rotation with rudder, but we have an
- | unbalanced vector diagram, so the aircraft
- Drag will sideslip to the right
-
- By raising the dead engine we tilt the lift vector to the left which balances
- the force from the rudder.
-
- > The second issue is the moment produced by the combination of the "dead"
- > engine (with its drag) and the "good" engines. This is generally a minimal
- > issue, assuming the airspeed is there, and the pilot applies correct
- > technique. Most transport aircraft can fly with all engines out on one side,
- > although I do not know if this is an explicit regulatory requirement. As
- > long as the inherent longitudinal stability of the airplane (contributed
- > by the vertical stabilizer, rudder, wings, and fuselage) is sufficient to
- > overcome the yawing moment, the airplane can be controlled. So *correcting*
- > for a lost engine is a near-instantaneous correction, applied by the pilot,
- > needing no altitude reserve.
-
- Correct, but here is an added explanation for those who care:
- There is really only one concern of the pilot in an engine out situation, that
- is airspeed. The pilot, if he has done an appropriate preflight, will know
- whether he/she is able to climb on one engine out, so that is not a suprise.
- The biggest problem with an engine out is loss of control. This airspeed,
- called Vmc (Velocity Minimum Controllable) is the speed at which the rudder
- doesn't have enough air flowing over it to create enough force to counteract
- the moment from the good/dead engine. As long as you are above this speed,
- you should be controllable (ignoring the fact that one wing may stall if
- the slat comes up, but I am not talking about that case in particular).
-
- On the same thread, but different argument...
- Michael Weiss writes:
- >I have a hard time believing that an intact hydraulic system would have
- >prevented AA191 from crashing. Let's face it, a wing-mounted engine falling
- >off produces such a rediculous unbalance that even full aileron wouldn't be
- >able to counter it.
-
- >After the third post with this answer, I figure it's time to clarify my
- >statement. I am referring to the unbalance of WEIGHT, not THRUST. Nonetheless
- >I suppose we should go on...
-
- The change in weight from a lost engine is minimal. A fully loaded DC-10-30
- weighs 572,000 pounds. A GE CF6-50C2B weighs only 8,731 pounds. This means
- that in normal flight each wing needs to support 286,000 pounds. If each
- wing supports the weight of its engine, now the left wing only needs to
- create 277,269 pounds of lift, a 3.05% decrease. I would imagine that
- ailerons easily can create a 3.05% increase in lift per side.
-
- References: Aviation Week and Space Technology 3/16/92 p. 102
- Illustrated Encyclopedia of Commercial Aircraft pp 148-157
- _____________________________ _____
- | Keith Barr \ \ K \__ _____
- | barr@ncar.ucar.edu \___________\ \/_______\___\_____________
- | Comm/AS&MEL/Inst/IGI / < /_/ ..................... `-.
- |_____________________________/ `-----------,----,--------------'
- When you think how well basic appliances work, it's _/____/
- hard to believe anyone ever gets on an airplane.--Calvin
-
-